Margaret Sanger’s Planned Parenthood Essay - 1071 Words

Margaret Sanger’s Planned Parenthood During a time in which white supremacy was being challenged by an ever-increasing African population, a woman named Margaret Sanger â€Å"sought to purify America’s breeding stock and purge America’s bad stains† (Planned Parenthood). She set out to establish the American Birth Control League, which eventually became the Planned Parenthood Federation of America (PPFA). Sanger’s actions provoked much controversy because at the time not only was contraception illegal in the United States, but it was denounced by almost every major religious denomination (Contraception History). Margaret Sanger set out on a mission to overcome first the church and then the state in order to â€Å"stop bringing to†¦show more content†¦Because of the Comstock Law of 1873, the mailing of information regarding contraception or devices to perform contraceptive techniques was prohibited. This was a major obstacle for Margaret Sanger and Planned Parenthood. As a result of the 1936 court case U.S. v. One Package, the mailing of contraceptive-related materials among physicians was legalized (Planned Parenthood). This turning point signified that contraceptives were finally beginning to be regarded as an important area of medicine. The mailing of contraceptive material to married couples and single adults was not legalized until 1965 and 1972 respectively (Contraception History). The government continued to liberalize its other policies regarding contraception as a result of Sanger’s influence. Margaret Sanger’s hard work to legalize and promote contraception was rooted in her belief that those who were impoverished should not procreate. In her book My Fight for Birth Control, Sanger claims, â€Å"I associate poverty, toil, unemployment, drunkenness, cruelty, quarreling, fighting, debts, and jails with large families† (Planned Parenthood). Sanger set out to â€Å"sterilize the unfit† and make known methods to control the population (Planned Parenthood). Many of her colleagues were racist and believed contraception should be used for the purpose of maintainingShow MoreRelatedMargaret Sanger s Revolution For Women s Rights1716 Words   |  7 PagesMargaret Sanger’s Revolution for Women’s Rights Today the world’s population consists of more than seven billion people living on Earth, half of which are of men and the other half women. Now imagine living in a world where those seven billion people didn’t have rights connected to their own bodies. In the field of reproductive rights, imagine if there was no form of contraceptives, birth control, or any type of sexual education information to the public. The world would be in shambles being over-populatedRead MoreEugenics and Planned Parenthood Essay1405 Words   |  6 Pagesthe perfect class of men; elite in all ways. Likewise, Margaret Sanger’s feminist, contraceptive movement was not originally founded with this purpose. It was marketed as a way to control the population and be merciful to those yet to be born, again determined also by race and intelligence. The similarities in purpose actually brought the two organizations together to form a â€Å"liberating movement† to â€Å"aid women† known today as Planned Parenthood (Schweikart and Allen 529-532). The name may sound harmlessRead MoreMargaret Sanger s Margaret Louise Sanger1131 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to the biography, â€Å"Margaret Louise Sanger† (2007), Margaret was born on September 14, 1879 in Corning, New York. She was born to her parents, Anne Purcell and Michael Hennessey Higgins, who were Irish Catholic Immigrants. Shortly after the birth of her eleventh child, Anne Purcell died from tuberculosis; Margaret was nineteen (â€Å"The Pill† n.d.). While Margaret was the sixth of eleven children, she and her first husband, William Sanger, had three children together (â€Å"Margaret Louise Sanger† 2007)Read MoreInformative Speech : Margaret Sanger1091 Words   |  5 PagesInformative Speech Topic: Margaret Sanger General Purpose: To inform of one of Times 100 people who changed the world Specific Purpose: To inform of the impact of Margaret Sanger Thesis: Margaret Sanger changed the world by rallying for the availability and use of contraceptives for all women. I. Introduction A. Attention Getter: â€Å"No woman can call herself free who does not own and control her body. No woman can call herself free until she can choose consciously whether she will or will not beRead MoreMargaret Sanger s A Moral Necessity For Birth Control1531 Words   |  7 PagesPublic discussions of birth control were criminalized under the Comstock Act of 1873 because people believed it was immoral. Margaret Sanger, who had opened the first birth control clinic in 1916 despite the Comstock Act of 1873, was a feminist and advocate. After serving prison time, Sanger returned publicly and illegally with drive to present a strong argument that defended the moral use of birth control. Prior to her morally controversial 1921 speech, Sanger was arrested in New York for her intentRead MoreThe History Of Nursing Practice1613 Words   |  7 Pagesprovided to assist individuals, families, communities, and populations† (Claros and Dean, 2013), which is exactly what Margaret Sangerâ €™s focused on in her works. Margaret is the definition of nursing and is an inspirational model and leader to female nurses in addition to females in general through her works thus is the reason we choose her as our focal point for our essay. Margaret Sanger was a nurse working in New York with immigrant families and underprivileged women trying to educate them aboutRead MoreMargaret Sangers A Moral Necessity For Birth Control1588 Words   |  7 PagesPublic discussions of birth control were criminalized under the Comstock Act of 1873 because people believed it was immoral. Margaret Sanger, who had opened the first birth control clinic in 1916 in spite of the Comstock Act of 1873, was a feminist and advocate of eugenics. After serving prison time, Sanger returned publicly and illegally with drive to present a strong argument that defended the moral use of birth control. Prior to her morally controversial 1921 speech, Sanger was arrested in NewRead MoreBirth Control Is A Powerful Tool1475 Words   |  6 Pagesno control over childbearing due to many restrictions. With Margaret Sanger’s efforts, birth-control awareness became accepted by the people and the legal system, changing the lives of countless women in th eir fight towards equal opportunity. She changed the way that childbearing was viewed in America and paved a road that led to gender equality. Limited knowledge of contraceptives caused great suffering for women during Margaret Sanger’s childhood. Starting from 1873, a law called the Comstock ActRead MoreMargaret Sanger s The Prevention Of African American Births1802 Words   |  8 PagesMargaret Sanger: Did her support in the Reproductive Rights Movement include support of the prevention of African-American births? Student name: Nikole McLeish Candidate Number : 0000000000 Word Count: 1905 Part A: Plan of Investigation Margaret Sanger: Did her support in the Reproductive Rights Movement include support of the prevention of African-American births? In this investigation, the aim is to analyze Margaret Sanger during her reign as a birth control activist to determine whetherRead MoreMargaret Sanger : A Birth Control Activist1508 Words   |  7 PagesMargaret Sanger was not only a birth control activist, she was also an author, a nurse and a sex educator and many of her influences for being an activist come from her family. Born on September 14, 1879, in Corning, New York, she was the sixth of eleven children born into a poor Roman Catholic family (Sanger 14). Her mother had various miscarriages, which Sanger believed affected her mother’s health, and was a devoted Roman Catholic who believed one should conform to the rules while her father was

Environmental Teaching Experience - 625 Words

Environmental Factor Teaching Experience Health Assessment May 2, 2014 Part II: Direct Care Experience 1. Share the pamphlet you have developed with a parent of an infant child. The parent may be a person from your neighborhood, a parent of an infant from a child-care center in your community, or a parent from another organization, such as a church group with which you have an affiliation. 2. Provide a written summary of the teaching / learning interaction. Include in your summary: a. Demographical information of the parent and child (age, gender, ethnicity, educational level). b. Description of parent response to teaching. c. Assessment of parent understanding. d. Your impressions of the experience; what went well, what†¦show more content†¦ucationShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Environmental Education On The Environment1224 Words   |  5 Pagesin nature† (Louv, 2008). Environmental education is a multidisciplinary field of study and processes that everyone is able to â€Å"explore environmental issues, engage in problem solving, and take action to improve the environment† (â€Å"What is Environmental Education?† n.d). Education is vital to the awareness, understanding, attitudes and participation of the environment. People in the environmental education field all have a unifying purpose of engaging people and teaching them about the natural worldRead MoreThe Development Goals From The United Nations Essay1533 Words   |  7 PagesTraining and Youth Affairs [MCEETYA], 2008), excellent teachers are able to incorporate children’s learning towards sustainability by providing a wide range of effective learning experiences. One vital way of promoting children’s learning in Sustainability is to embed Sustainability Education into daily routines and teaching practices. Although the importance of having qualified and competent educators who concerns about Sustainability Education for young children has been clearly stated in many globalRead MoreToward A Model Of Early Childhood Education : Foregrounding, Developing And Connecting Knowledge Through Play Based Learning1036 Words   |  5 Pagesanalysis of ‘Toward a model of early childhood environmental education: foregrounding, deve loping and connecting knowledge through Play Based Learning† by Amy Mackezie and Susan Edwards (2013). Researchers want to introduce an innovative learning model in the field of education to help teachers and educator incorporate environmental education while playing in preschool (Cutter Edwards, 2013). 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Teaching Tips Rich teacher talk: during reading and writing teachers used a variety of uncommon words to build students’ listening vocabulary. Teachers extend children’s comments to be more descriptive and grammatically correct. Teachers

Practice of CSR components in Melbourne Water students - Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Practice of CSR components in Melbourne Water students. Answer: Introduction This study deals with explaining the theory of Corporate Social Responsibility that is practiced at Melbourne water (Melbournewater.com.au 2017). Melbourne water is one of the Australian companies that are listed as Australias top business leaders in the Corporate Social Responsibility. The company supplies water from 9 major reservoirs with a total capability of 1773000 million liters, 64 service reservoirs and 1030 kilometers of water distribution mains. The company operates 46 drainage, water pumping stations as well as sewage (Christensen, Mackey and Whetten 2014). Melbourne Water manages with the water supply catchments as well as removes and treats most of the sewage and manages further rivers and creeks that are present in the major drainage systems. The Sustainability Report of Melbourne Water explains how the company meets social as well as environmental responsibilities. Melbourne Water engages in looking at incorporating course from the Global Reporting Initiative. Here, G RI is one of the globally focused not-for-profit organization that developed a treatment structure for the purpose of sustainability exposure (Zentes, Morschett and Schramm-Klein 2017). Corporate Social Responsibility and its practice in Melbourne Water Sustainability development is the development that aims at meeting the needs of present without compromising the skill of outlook generations for meeting their own needs (Takkar 2015). Melbourne water is committed towards protecting as well as conserving water resources of the company. They believe in protecting as well as improving the environment that includes biodiversity. The company ensures responsible risk management. Melbourne water believes in sharing of information as well as fostering collaborative working relationships. The company aims at maintaining continuing monetary feasibility and contributing towards checking the health of the community as a whole. Melbourne water demonstrates corporate social responsibility and ensures intergenerational fairness by taking into account instant as well as long-term implications in all decision-making activities (Melbournewater.com.au 2017). Therefore, Melbourne water believes in providing surroundings where human resources are optimi stic for achieving their full prospective. Melbourne Water believes in identifying as well as meeting customer expectations. In addition, the company believes in developing enduring partnerships with retail water business, customers as well as developers through open and transparent communication (Christensen, Mackey and Whetten 2014). Melbourne Water aims at building cooperation with all the levels of government as well as regulators. The company develops programs for supporting corporate social responsibility. Furthermore, Melbourne Water fosters the exchange of knowledge that working with the community. The company aims at developing joint dealings with the suppliers in order to gain support for sustainability main beliefs (Tai and Chuang 2014). Components of CSR Social Reporting In order to achieve vision of a sustainable water future, Melbourne water need to incorporate sustainability philosophy in everything that is performed or planned (Melbournewater.com.au 2017). The company had engaged in implementing Preferred Culture Program that aims at measuring organizational culture as well as working towards implementing a preferred culture for all. Melbourne water maintains strong relationship with the stakeholders and put an effort to raise consciousness within the local society about water cycle that depend on how profitably the company can incorporate sustainability philosophy in daily operations (Zentes, Morschett and Schramm-Klein 2017). Melbourne water implemented corporate targets in regard to flood mitigation works. Melbourne water aims at working with key stakeholders on strategy for identifying options as well as providing suggestion for the better efficiency of flood administration for reducing future losses and impact on the society as a whole (Suli man, Al-Khatib and Thomas 2016). Environmental Reporting Melbourne water is working hard to diminish the impact on the natural surroundings as well as consider the impact in all the preparation process (Melbournewater.com.au 2017). The ecosystem consists of extensive terrestrial as well as marine habitats that support more than 1860 species of native plants and 600 species of native birds and animals. From these, 296 flora species as well as 128 fauna species are considered as threatened. Melbourne Water aims at improving environmental outcomes from all aspects of business activities. To that, Melbourne Water engages in improving river health as well as the marine environment as a whole. The company should bring improvement in the biodiversity as well as preserving and promoting cultural heritage in the most appropriate way (Zentes, Morschett and Schramm-Klein 2017). Melbourne Water fosters water culture that encourages sustainable behavior as well as underpins workplace policies and practices at the same time. The company even encourages as well as recognizes innovation and ideas for sustainable improvements for future analysis purpose (Servaes and Tamayo 2013). Impacts of social reporting to community Key achievements It is noted that future search conference took place in order to discover how Melbourne water can work well with the stakeholders for managing as well as protecting waterways and bays (Pedersen 2015). Developed a Preferred Culture Program for creating as well as facilitate the preferred work place environment (Melbournewater.com.au 2017) More than 12500 people come from multicultural society that visit Eastern and Western treatment plants for specified year Disappointments Melbourne water received more than 130 complaints regarding aesthetic quality of water supply (Melbournewater.com.au 2017) Increase in the number of lost time injuries for given year (McWilliams 2014) Challenges Melbourne water faces challenges because they have to maintain as well as continue to get better dealings with other retail water companies (Zentes, Morschett and Schramm-Klein 2017). Melbourne water needs to attract and retain adequately skilled labor force for meeting the trade demands of the near future (Melbournewater.com.au 2017). Melbourne water should make sure that there is a society of internal teamwork as well as information sharing within the company (Zentes, Morschett and Schramm-Klein 2017) Melbourne water should develop a culture of sustainable behavior in and across the company Impact of environmental reporting to community Key achievements Melbourne water reached a conformity on ecological flows for the Yarra river after discussion with the key stakeholders that aims at delivering extra 20 billion liters of flow of Yarra river (Korschun, Bhattacharya. and Swain 2014). Melbourne water supported achievement of the draft of Central Region Sustainable Water Strategy as well as Water Supply Demand Strategy for Melbourne. Melbourne water had revised Waterways operating Charter by way of establishing blueprint for managing rivers as well as drainage for a period of three year water Plan. Melbourne water had met renewable energy as well as greenhouse emission reduction targets (Melbournewater.com.au 2017) Melbourne water had reduced odor as well as nitrogen loads that resulted in upgrading to the Western Treatment Plant Melbourne water received recreational water categorization that was very good for all the sites that was constantly monitored at Boags Rocks and treated effluent that is discharged from the Eastern Treatment Plant (Zentes, Morschett and Schramm-Klein 2017). Melbourne water had achieved 100% EPA Victoria operational license compliance at both Eastern as well as Western treatment plants (Melbournewater.com.au 2017) Melbourne water had successfully completed multi-agency project that involve Harper At Drain that was located at three important point sources in polluting the Yarra river (Zentes, Morschett and Schramm-Klein 2017) Disappointments There was accidental discharge of aluminum sulphate into Sugarloaf Creek from Sugarloaf reservoir as well as fluoride leak into Cardinia Creek from Cardinia Reservoir. To this, it is understood that both the leaks were fixed as well as creeks that need to be regularly monitored by Melbourne water (Hopkins 2016) The amount of litter that continues for finding its way into rivers as well as creeks (Zentes, Morschett and Schramm-Klein 2017) Melbourne water fails to meet biosolids reuse targets (Cheng, Ioannou and Serafeim 2014) Challenges Melbourne water need to compete the environmental development behavior at the Eastern Treatment plant for reducing the impact of marine environment (Melbournewater.com.au 2017) Melbourne water need to constantly find practicable options for recycling the treated effluent from Eastern as well as Western treatment plants for reducing impacts on the marine setting as well as making better use of valuable resources (Christensen, Mackey and Whetten 2014) Melbourne water should aim at sustainably reusing biosolids from both of the treatment plants (Zentes, Morschett and Schramm-Klein 2017) Melbourne water should effectively manage, maintain as well as enhance in the areas of natural assets and biodiversity (Melbournewater.com.au 2017). Conclusion At the end of the study, it is concluded that Melbourne Water is one of the leader in the Corporate Social Responsibility. The study discusses how the components of corporate social responsibility are practiced in Melbourne Water. The components explained are social reporting and environmental reporting that are mainly practiced at Melbourne Water. The study even evaluated how the components impact the local community as a whole. The outcome is that Corporate Social Responsibility of Melbourne Water impact society in a large sector. The company had engaged in conducting many community research programs that help managers at the time of undertaking decision-making process. Melbourne Water provides safe as well as pleasurable work setting that brings out the best in people. The company needs to retain as well as attract diverse, experienced, skilled and motivated workforce. Reference Cheng, B., Ioannou, I. and Serafeim, G., 2014. Corporate social responsibility and access to finance.Strategic Management Journal,35(1), pp.1-23. Christensen, L.J., Mackey, A. and Whetten, D., 2014. Taking responsibility for corporate social responsibility: The role of leaders in creating, implementing, sustaining, or avoiding socially responsible firm behaviors.The Academy of Management Perspectives,28(2), pp.164-178. Hopkins, M., 2016.The planetary bargain: corporate social responsibility comes of age. Springer. Korschun, D., Bhattacharya, C.B. and Swain, S.D., 2014. Corporate social responsibility, customer orientation, and the job performance of frontline employees.Journal of Marketing,78(3), pp.20-37. McWilliams, A., 2014.Economics of Corporate Social Responsibility. Edward Elgar Publishing. Melbournewater.com.au. 2017.Melbourne Water. [online] Available at: https://www.melbournewater.com.au [Accessed 16 Sep. 2017]. Pedersen, E.R.G. ed., 2015.Corporate social responsibility. Sage. Servaes, H. and Tamayo, A., 2013. The impact of corporate social responsibility on firm value: The role of customer awareness.Management Science,59(5), pp.1045-1061. Suliman, A.M., Al-Khatib, H.T. and Thomas, S.E., 2016. Corporate Social Responsibility.Corporate Social Performance: Reflecting on the Past and Investing in the Future, p.15. Tai, F.M. and Chuang, S.H., 2014. Corporate social responsibility.Ibusiness,6(03), p.117. Takkar, K., 2015. Corporate social responsibility.International Journal of Research in Economics and Social Sciences,5(8), pp.297-302. Zentes, J., Morschett, D. and Schramm-Klein, H., 2017. Corporate social responsibility. InStrategic Retail Management(pp. 207-226). Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden.

Nonmedication And Complementary Treatments â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Nonmedication And Complementary Treatments? Answer: Introducation Among all the practices and medications, Yoga has become the fundamental practice for me in the treatment of migraine (Anand and Verma 2014). According to the Rolfe model, the discussion about migraine and yoga practices can be made by following the structure of the answers of three basic questions, which are- what, so what and now what. The health problem that is pretty much integrated with my daily life is headache of migraine. Due to migraine pain my daily life, whether it is personal or professional, has been subjected to a lot of trouble. I am facing issues regarding my vision in the workplace which generates a lot of trouble, mainly when I work in computers. Sometimes I face confusing thoughts and speech difficulties when I attend any meeting or conference and those affect my performance. Severe headache due to migration is the biggest fear before sleeping (Di Lorenzo, Grieco and Santorelli 2012). Migraine pain has become the cause of frequent nausea and seldom vomiting for me. Pain in the morning is the most severe pain that I have to face almost every day until I have embraced yoga practices. In order to reduce the pain, at first I have tried some medication. I have received a few good effects but those medications have caused their side effects. Therefore, when I am looking for some authentic practices that can help me in this case appropriately, I have found Yoga. My major objective was to obtain a relief from this pain and to improve my workplace conditions along with my daily life peace. I have embraced eight different yoga techniques which are child pose, bridge pose, standing forward bend, lotus pose, cat stretch, corpse pose, downward facing dog pose and two legged forward bend pose. These eight techniques have been proved to be the most effective techniques in reducing migraine pain (Mauskop 2012). Child pose, cat stretch and straight forward bend are the three processes that provide business-law relaxation and calms down nervous system along with an increase in blood supply. Bridge pose, two legged forward bend and lotus pose affect in releasing anxiety and relax the brain (Winsvold et al. 2013). These also take of the stress and decrease headache. Downward facing dog pose increases blood circulation in brain. Ultimately, a deep rest is delivered by the corpse pose performing it for a few minutes. Application of these techniques in my daily life has significantly reduced the effects of migraine pain without medication and without taking a lot of time. The experience is really fascinating for me as I have started to feel the effects readily after two months. The periodicity of morning pain has started to decrease and during my work hours I have been able to concentrate more. Migraine is a severe disease which builds up its base step by step. Migraine attack can be classified into five stages which are premonitory stage, Aura stage, headache stage, resolution stage and recovery stage. I had much trouble to predict the disease in its early stage. The premonitory stage incorporates excessive tiredness and mood changes which are very common symptoms and do not develop the suspicion about a migraine development (Bssing at al.2012). The symptoms become more intense and frequent during the aura stage where a patient starts to have vision and speech problems and confusion in thoughts. There is very less time gap between the aura and the major attack of migraine. In most of the cases, where the patient realises that he or she is going to be a victim of migraine, the two preliminary stages pass away and it becomes late to take protective measures. My actions are totally based on my understanding about the disease the practices necessary to resolve it. Medications have their own side effects and not so effective in reducing the pain for a long time. Yoga on the other hand does not provide any side effects and performs well in reducing the pain for a very long time (Kaiser, Mooreville and Kannan 2015). Stroke, is a long term effect of migraine which is occurred due to the absence of supply of blood into the brain. This risk of stroke increases with other problems like high cholesterol and high blood pressure. I have found that yoga practice is the answer to all these physical problems. Due to the late identification of the disease, my yoga practices have been started late and for that I have to face the symptoms for a very long time without proper treatment and proper guidance. Implementing Yoga in my daily routine was the must do job for me. Additionally, another must do job that has generated with it is to maintain this practice regularly, despite of any resistances. Maintenance of yoga practices in a regular way is a little difficult for any working guy. Office works are generally too hectic and too much time consuming along with its necessity. Sometimes, I notice that I have to spend more time in my work and for that I have to compromise times which have been associated with my personal work or leisure. Sometimes this compromised time affects the time allocated for yoga practices. One day without the practice results in breach of regularity and migraine attacks can heavily relapse and that will have even worse consequences. The best time to treat migraine is in the preliminary stage or the premonitory stage, when the headache is mild (Menon, Satyanand and Karishma 2013). At that time the medicines can show their optimum action and the practices results well. References: Anand, K.S. and Verma, R., 2014. Yoga in Neuro-Psychology.J Yoga Phys Ther,5, p.e119. Bssing, A., Ostermann, T., Ldtke, R. and Michalsen, A., 2012. Effects of yoga interventions on pain and pain-associated disability: a meta-analysis.The Journal of Pain,13(1), pp.1-9. Di Lorenzo, C., Grieco, G.S. and Santorelli, F.M., 2012. Migraine headache: a review of the molecular genetics of a common disorder.The journal of headache and pain,13(7), pp.571-580. Kaiser, R.S., Mooreville, M. and Kannan, K., 2015. Psychological interventions for the management of chronic pain: a review of current evidence.Current pain and headache reports,19(9), p.43. Mauskop, A., 2012. Nonmedication, alternative, and complementary treatments for migraine.CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology,18(4, Headache), pp.796-806. Menon, B., Satyanand, V. and Karishma, P.H., 2013. Effects of yoga on tension headache.Journal of Dr. NTR University of Healthcare Sciences,2(3), p.167. Winsvold, B.S., Sandven, I., Hagen, K., Linde, M., Midthjell, K. and Zwart, J.A., 2013. Migraine, headache and development of metabolic syndrome: An 11-year follow-up in the Nord-Trndelag Health Study (HUNT).PAIN,154(8), pp.1305-1311.

Crisis Communication in Asian Cultures

Abstract Crises communications vary from culture to culture. Most organisations have various methods of managing crises. Crisis communications can build or damage reputations of organisations depending on how crises communication teams handle crises.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Crisis Communication in Asian Cultures specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Asian culture of handling communication varies from country to country. There are those Asian countries that have handled their crises poorly. In fact, they tend to hide information from the public in case of disaster. This is the case of Japan in handling its nuclear crises. Japanese also tends not to speculate. Instead, they want to give exact information. On the other hand, countries like China and Koreas have advanced crises management to include modern social media. Issues of cultural barriers such as language may hinder communication processes. H owever, the speaker must maintain consistency with his actions and words. There are aspects of crises communications that all cultures must take into account. These include operational, ethical, behavioural, and professionalism dimensions of crisis communications. In these cases, managing crisis must be prompt, and the public, stakeholders, or victims must hear the facts. An organisation should not communicate any unclear information to the public. This implies that adequate preparation is mandatory. This calls for regular practice in crises communications. Introduction Crisis is any â€Å"situation that threatens or could threaten to cause harm to people, property, seriously interrupt business, damage reputation, and or negatively affect shared values† (Abarquez 2010). Crisis communication deals with what is happening or what has just happened and people are anxiously waiting to hear the outcomes. These situations can be any kind of â€Å"legal disputes, theft, accidents, f ire, flood or manmade disasters that we can attribute to an organisation† (Abarquez 2010). It can also be a situation whereby an organisation did not respond to a â€Å"situation in appropriate fashion before the media or the general public† (Haddow 2010). Bernstein notes â€Å"effective crisis communications are not difficult, but they require advance work in order to minimise damage† (Abarquez 2010). Slow responses lead to a greater extent of damages. The Operation scope of Crisis Communication Crisis communication team must work at regaining the lost public confidence after the damage. This decision must aim at reducing the victims and community anguish. The aim should be to restore confidence and rebuild relationship. The move to do what the community expects will reduce media coverage and negative publicity. Organisations can reduce chances of possible lawsuits and negative publicity if they act promptly and appropriately.Advertising Looking for researc h paper on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The need for crisis communications is growing rapidly due the explosion and use of social networks, which are creating so many communication channels that are threats to risk and reputation of organisations. Kim notes that Asian organisations that in the past may have been reluctant to admit the extent of a crisis now realise â€Å"technology creates such a radical transparency, and it has become pointless to be defensive and try to dismiss issues† (Kim 2007). Instead, organisations find that it is profitable to be proactive and engage people with facts of the matter. Organisations have realised that Public Relations (PR) is no longer a tool for brand promotion, but also useful in reputation protection (Haddow 2010). Asian crisis communications landscape has changed significantly due to social media. This has forced PR officers to divert their attention to the use emerging technologies and social media platforms to handle crises. Most PR firms note that they use social media with assured confidence to handle crises. Most Asian organisations are changing fast to adopt social media for PR. However, there are some which are still in the previous era. Organisations that have progressed have also noticed that the culture of face-to-face communication is essential than using social media platforms to manage crises. Ethical Dimension The public expects organisations to act with conscience and reflect ethical standards in their communications. Organisations must provide public and prompt responses regarding the situation. Issues that involve ethical dilemmas and integrity usually involve â€Å"moral questions, reasoning, and feedback† (Low 2011). Some crises may offend public values. Consequently, the organisation that is responsible must swiftly act and provide the needed responses. The organisation crisis communication channel must have the moral courage to give appropriate responses. This implies that an organisation must act on matters of principles so as to lessen the negative consequences of a morally troublesome incidence.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Crisis Communication in Asian Cultures specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Asia consists of countries of diversities in languages. As a result, it is challenging and equally necessary to master â€Å"the language and tone of crisis communications and management with regard to a highly sensitive crisis issues† (Low 2011). We must note that what may work in French may fail to produce the same result in English. This means that the communication team must tailor their responses and avoid direct translation for best results. Still, Asian languages are so different from English, which is a subject-centric language. Therefore, crisis communications must take into account the cultur al context of languages (Low 2011). Bob Pickard notes â€Å"in East Asia the transcendent importance of ‘face’ is such that companies are reluctant to engage in peer-to-peer communications with their communities online, with fear of losing control and thus face having the effect of dampening the kind of dialogue that might help defuse a crisis situation† (Kim 2007). In the West, lawyers are proactive in crisis communications, particularly where apologies are necessary. However, in the East, organisations easily apologise with disregard of the possible liability and lawsuit due to admission of guilt (Skoric 2007). In the recent crises, Japanese government have tended to avoid any alarming speculation. In this context, it is evident that Asians are not likely to speculate in cases of crises. Instead, they want to deal with the actual occurrences and communicate what they observe. This observation means that Asian cultures are more rigid than the Western cultures. I n the West, people tend to speculate and communicate possibilities and estimates rather than the actual data. Japan culture tends not to deviate from the data (Skoric 2007). The Professional scope of Crisis Communication Asian countries approaches to professional PR differ significantly. There are indications that Chinese government can handle crises in appropriate manners as shown during past incidences such as the Sichuan earthquake in 2008. However, Japanese government has not embraced the idea of PR and crisis communication seriously. China responds with different communication channels such as social media. In addition, Koreans show advanced use of modern technologies for crisis communications. Under most circumstances, we can only gauge the professional conduct of PR officials with those of the industry standards and practices. This is the basis for establishing the factual claims and extent of damages and the given communications. These pieces of information are usually avail able in the industry code books for professional communications.Advertising Looking for research paper on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Asian countries have the professional capacity to handle crises communications. However, these opportunities are only available among the global professional firms. It means local firms must update their approaches to PR issues and increase their participations as most of these firms experience challenges related to the development in the industry. At the same time, the industry critics have observed that there are a number of qualified trainers who offer the best services in PR. However, some of these professionals do not have the skills needed in crises communications especially in the social media. Behaviour dimension of Crisis Communication We can only look at the effects of behaviours after the crisis. Any traces of negative publicity show possibilities of unhelpful situations during the crisis. This can work against the industry reputation as well as the involved organisation; thus, it may prove difficult to rebuild credibility and trust, or preserve reputation. Cases that inv olve several victims may attract a great deal of negative publicity. This means that the organisation must find opportunities to engage in behaviour building pattern. Therefore, organisations must plan their crisis plans to work against â€Å"any anticipated negative publicity and reduce chances of negative behaviour patterns in crisis communication† (Athey and Moody-Williams, 2003). Some of the negative behaviours an organisation may plan to counteract include arrogance, lack of concerns, minimise victim needs, blame shifting, inappropriate language, inconsistency, inflammatory statements, inadequate preparation, minimise consequences, foregone opportunities to address authorities, the public, and victims, victims’ confusion, and unwillingness to admit responsibility (Athey and Moody-Williams, 2003). Asians are shifting their crisis communication cultures to full-scale digital communication. There are emerging digital crisis simulation trainings. These programmes pres ent trainees with real-life social media situations. Majorities agree that the best way to handle a crisis communication is to use speed factor. At the same time, the information presented must be accurate. Transparency and factual information are what define successful crisis communication. Thus, it is necessary for the communication team to verify facts of the matter before any communication occurs. The field and culture of crisis communication have changed. Skoric observes that crisis communications were â€Å"defensive and reactive, with holding statements used like protective shields for keeping critics away† (Skoric 2007). However, today, crisis communications have become proactive and aggressive. In this sense, the process involves all stakeholders with continuous communication from the beginning to the end (Sandoval and Lewis, 2002). Organisations which have been passive, in their approaches to crisis communications, have noted that remaining passive in a digital age is an outmoded approach that can only worsen the situation. Thus, it is necessary to engage people, listen and provide adequate information based on consultation for continuous improvement. Crisis communications also provide opportunities for organisations to showcase their best behaviours to the victims and the general public. Managing Victims Victims result in cases where organisations involuntary create enabling severe environments for people or institutions. Victims of a crisis tend to have certain mindsets and perceptions. They may also exhibit unpredictable behaviour patterns. The resulting conditions create victims of a crisis. The organisation that is a part of the crisis must identify the expectations of the crisis victims and respond promptly and in an appropriate manner (Grabel 2000). If an organisation avoids this, then the subsequent results might not be favourable as the already existing situation. Under some circumstances, victims tend to resist the best available alt ernatives or reasonable offers, engage the media to communicate emotional tales, or call for high-profile lawsuits. This process may also involve authorities, disgruntled former staff, lawyers, and current staff who may be present to confirm the victims’ claims. These are some of the few incidences an organisation’s crisis communications team must handle (Young 1997). Trust and Credibility Lukaszewski emphasises that people â€Å"confer credibility to firms based on their past behaviours† (Lukaszewski 1999). Organisations that have bad reputations due to past behaviours can suffer credibility test in the future. This is because people tend to use past experiences to predict future behaviours. Organisations may lose credibility when their current behaviours do not reflect their past good behaviours. People can only have trust in an organisation when there is a lack of fear. Fear occurs due to causes by once trusted parties. Fear is too a powerful emotion to contr ol. Some crises only require reduction of fear because there is nothing much to do. Thus, parties must attend to fear in order to avoid cases of frustration, anger, and retribution. Some scholars propose ways to build trust, eliminate fear, and fix credibility in behaviours. These methods include provision of advance information, asking for input, being flexible, staying in touch, speaking plain language, and including victims and participants in the decision-making process. Managing Crisis Communication It is necessary for organisations to plan to continue learning during responses and remedial actions to mitigate crises (Fearn-Banks 2010). Most organisations do not prefer borrowing from past experiences because most management teams do not like handling crises, particularly where urgency is necessary. Most cultures now tend to encourage organisations to express and discuss issues and lessons they have learnt from mistakes. This is a strategy of regaining public confidence (Coombs 2007). Organisations must plan to manage future crises. However, this depends on memories of the PR team. Organisations must learn that they cannot avoid most crises (Harvard Business School Press 2004). Thus, any lesson learned must teach the organisations how to â€Å"foresee, control, and reduce or possibly eliminate any future occurring or reoccurring crises† (Seeger, Sellnow and Ulmer, 2010). Some of the useful information organisations may use in crisis communications include ethics, compliance, or standards of conduct (Fink 2000). Others include observing events timeline, mastering the lessons learned, promoting open questions systems, considering operations issues, taking into account recovery issues, identifying relevant patterns from similar previous incidences, providing time for responses, mapping strategy gaps or failures, expecting surprises of both negative and positive nature, being ready for unintended outcomes, allowing time for visibility, and expecting to work outside the standard procedures. Promptly in Crisis Communication There is constant use of the term â€Å"promptly†. In any crisis management and communication, the term denotes â€Å"the strategic importance of acting quickly† (Lukaszewski 1999). Observers believe that it acceptable to act promptly and make mistakes than fail to act till it is too late, or attempts to act no longer bear any significant meaning. Winning and problem-solving skills in crises situations rely on swift decision-making, speed in reaction, action, and collaboration. There is also the idea of victims. James Lukaszewski notes â€Å"if there are no victims, there is no crisis, and victims are only people, animals, and living systems† (Lukaszewski 1999). Reference List Abarquez, Prosy. â€Å"Handling a crisis with leadership and effective communication (Part 1).† Asian Journal, (2010): 1-2. Athey, John and Williams Moody. â€Å"eveloping cultural competence in disaster mental health programs: Guiding principles and recommendations.† Cultural Competence, 3828, (2003): 30-34. Coombs, Timothy. Ongoing Crisis Communication: Planning, Managing, and Responding (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, 2007. Fearn-Banks, Kathleen. Crisis Communications: A Casebook Approach. New York: Routledge, 2010. Fink, Steven. Crisis Management: Planning for the Inevitable. London: Backinprint, 2000. Grabel, Ilene. â€Å"Identifying Risks, Preventing Crisis: Lessons from the Asian Crisis.† Journal of Economic Issues, 1 no. 2, (2000): 1-5. Haddow, George. Disaster Communications in a Changing Media World. Oxford, UK: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2010. Harvard Business School Press. Crisis Management: Mastering the Skills to Prevent Disasters. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press, 2004. Kim, Kyum. â€Å"New and Old Media Uses and Political Engagement among Korean Adolescents.† Asian Journal of Communication, 17, no. 4 (2007): 342-361. Low, Yvonne Siew-Yo ong. â€Å"Communicating crisis: how culture influences image repair in Western and Asian governments.† Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 16, no. 3 (2011): 218 – 242. Lukaszewski, James. â€Å"Seven Dimensions of Crisis Communication Management: A Strategic Analysis and Planning Model.† Ragan’s Communications Journal, 99, (1999): 1-8. Sandoval, Jonathan, and Shaffer Lewis. Cultural considerations in crisis intervention. Bethesda, MD: National Association of School Psychologists, 2002. Seeger, Matthew, Timothy Sellnow and Robert Ulmer. Effective Crisis Communication: Moving From Crisis to Opportunity. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, 2010. Skoric, Marko. â€Å"Is Culture Destiny in Asia? A Story of a Tiger and a Lion.† Asian Journal of Communication, (2007): 396-415. Young, Marlene. The community crisis response team training manual (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: National Organisation for Victim Assistance, 1997. This research paper on Crisis Communication in Asian Cultures was written and submitted by user Elizabeth R. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

communism1 essays

communism1 essays Communism has failed in Europe because of its lack of care for the individual, its corrupt leaders and also because it went against human nature. Two novels that demonstrate this statement are the semi-autobiographical We the Living by Ayn Rand, and Julian Barnes' The Porcupine. According to Ayn Rand, Communists were pitiless. When Kira, the protagonist of the story, begged for help to save her lover's life, the only answer she received from the general was "Why - in the face of the Union of Socialist Soviet Republics- can't one aristocrat die?" (216). Communists say that they want everyone to be equal and have a good life, yet they contradict themselves in that they don't acknowledge each individual, which is the make-up of their so-called "collect." Since individuals didn't matter, people lived poorly. In Maria Petrovna's words, "'These are hard times, God have pity on us, these are hard times'" (27). Communism crushed people's hopes and it also broke them down. " 'We have no future,'" (27) said Simon. Barnes showed how people didn't matter in a Communist society by showing how people were exhausted. "People had been too busy, or too tired, to make love; that was another thing that had broken down...During the last statistical year, the number of live births had been exceeded both by the number of abortions and by the number of deaths" (63). Individual lives just didn't matter. Because people were so unhappy, they did not support the government. To maintain its standing, the government had to make sure that everyone lived in fear. This would decrease the chance of rebellion. In one of his articles, Steven Morewood talks about Gorbachev, a Communist leader. "Gorbachev concedes 'The totalitarian model had relied on dictatorship and violence, and I can see that this was not acceptable to the people'" (33) Neglect of the individual was not Communism's only fault. Corruption among its leaders was also very common. In We the Livin...

Vinke Air Freight Service Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Vinke Air Freight Service Company - Essay Example A brief market analysis will inform the company of the value of its services to current clients and how these factors might differ from the customer base within the overnight small package delivery market. Vinke currently serves large- and mid-sized companies who occasionally need to ship parts to meet emergency needs. The present client base certainly must value the fact that their large packages can be delivered to an airport and Vinke will transport the parts as well as arrange final delivery. In an emergency, industrial delivery scenario, Vinke’s personal attention to clients is a major benefit. In the overnight letter and small package market, however, customers are not seeking the specialized attention that has built the company’s current market. They are more interested in having their letters picked up at their location and timely delivered to the intended destination. Neither are they faced with the issues of industrial shipping. These customers are consumers f or whom overnight delivery has become ubiquitous. They don’t need specialized personal care nor are they constrained by the logistics involved in moving large manufacturing parts to meet emergency timeframes; they simply want their letters to be picked up and delivered on time.   In considering the organizational changes required by the proposed entry into the new market, and the competition already in place there, the task could prove daunting. Vinke’s current client base is industrial or manufacturing companies. These organizations can be serviced from the airport to destination. For overnight letters and small packages, the company will not be able to expect its customers to drive to their airport; Vinke will need to implement a pick-up service. They won’t be competing for a relatively small pool of clients; they will be forced to serve the general public. This will require extraordinary organizational changes. Further, rather than the occasional and urgent nature of  delivering large industrial parts that easily fill up planes with just a few orders, the new market demands will centre upon frequent handling of routine letters and small packages.